As residents of Canada, we eagerly anticipate the summer season and the delightful experiences it offers: sunshine, refreshing breezes, camping trips, barbecues, and much more. However, nothing can deflate the summer excitement as swiftly as a malfunctioning air conditioner on a sweltering, muggy day. For homeowners, replacing or buying an air conditioner is a significant decision. When issues arise with your AC unit, we understand the urgency of obtaining precise and impartial information regarding repair or replacement options. That’s precisely why we have compiled this comprehensive air conditioner buying guide, designed to assist you at every stage.

How Much Do Air Conditioners Cost in Canada?

A new, high-efficiency air conditioner typically comes with an average price range of $3,995 to $6,000. This cost encompasses standard installation services provided by a fully-insured and licensed company. The purchase includes a minimum one-year warranty and all necessary licenses for proper installation.

The cost of a new AC unit is influenced by five key factors, as outlined below:

1. Air conditioner type: This includes central, ductless, window, wall-mounted, or portable units.
2. Environmental choices: Factors like energy efficiency, sound output, air filtration options (which may be relevant for allergies or sensitivities), and additional comfort-enhancing features.
3. Personal choices include extended warranties, maintenance plans, and service guarantees.
4. Technical requirements: Home size, floor plan, number of stories, ductwork, and BTU load.
5. Code requirements: Compliance with safety regulations, licensing requirements, and building codes.

The following table presents the average costs for new air conditioners in Ontario, providing a breakdown of the pricing.

Checkout the most affordable air conditioners in Canada.

Air Conditioners Basics You Need to Know Before Buying

In the subsequent section, we will delve into the standard subjects and terminology you will likely encounter during your research and purchase of an air conditioner. We will cover topics such as determining the appropriate time to replace your AC unit, understanding the required size of an air conditioner for your space, and exploring efficiency ratings.

How AC Systems Work?

Air conditioners extract warm air from the indoor environment and direct it over an evaporator coil. This coil absorbs the heat and eliminates the humidity, resulting in the cooling of the air. Subsequently, the AC unit expels the accumulated heat outdoors and circulates the cooled air back into the room, effectively enhancing the overall temperature comfort.

To accomplish this process, the majority of air conditioners consist of the following components:

1. Condenser coil
2. Compressor
3. Metering Device (e.g., expansvalve)
4. Coner Fan
5. Blower
6. Electrical units
7. Evaporator coil o” coil
8. Furnace or Air Handler (specific to central air conditioners)

If any of these parts malfunction or operate ineffectively, it may be necessary to repair or replace your AC unit.

When to Replace Air Conditioners and AC Units?

• If your AC equipment has exceeded 15 years of age
• If it takes an extended period for your house to cool down after turning on the AC unit,
• If any component of the air conditioning system produces excessive noise or unusual sounds such as bangs, squeaks, or scrapes,
• If you have experienced previous equipment breakdowns or if the outdoor unit displays signs of deterioration
• If you are concerned about high energy consumption associated with an older AC unit.

Upgrade from R22 Refrigerant or Freon

R22 Refrigerant, or R22 freon and HCFC-22 freon, is a chemical commonly used in older air conditioning systems. However, R22 is environmentally harmful as it contributes to ozone depletion, accelerating climate change’s adverse impacts.

As of January 1, 2020, Canada implemented a prohibition on the production and importation of R22, as declared by Environment and Climate Change Canada.

Due to the phasing out of R22 refrigerant, certain manufacturers have endeavored to identify a viable substitute or “drop-in” option that can serve as a temporary solution for existing R22 units. They aim to find a replacement refrigerant that can be used as an alternative without requiring significant modifications to the existing equipment.

Newly manufactured and installed air conditioners are designed to operate using modern, environmentally friendly refrigerants that differ significantly from the older R22.

These newer refrigerants are developed to reduce environmental impact and comply with stricter regulations.

These updated refrigerants ensure that air conditioning systems are more sustainable and contribute less to ozone depletion and climate change.

We take great pride in being environmental stewards and are dedicated to minimizing our ecological impact.

Our goal is to assist our clients in managing their energy consumption by offering transparent and dependable products that prioritize energy efficiency.

Additionally, we strive to enhance indoor comfort levels for our customers. We encourage you to ask any questions you may have, as we are here to address all your concerns and ensure that you make the best possible choice for yourself and your family.

If you want to learn more about AC maintenance, repairs, and replacements, we have a dedicated section in this guide that provides in-depth information. Feel free to skip to that section for diagnostic tips and detailed insights.

Additionally, it would be best to understand better how each air conditioner operates. In that case, we recommend visiting the “Types of Air Conditioners” section, where you will find comprehensive explanations for each type.

SEER Rating and AC Efficiency

One of the crucial choices you will face when purchasing a new AC unit is the desired efficiency level, which is determined by the equipment’s SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) rating.

The Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) serves as a metric to gauge the efficiency of your air conditioning equipment, similar to how a car’s kilometres-per-litre rating measures fuel efficiency. A higher SEER rating indicates a more energy-efficient AC unit, providing increased comfort for every energy dollar expended.

In addition to SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio), you may come across EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) ratings for air conditioners. EER is similar to SEER but is calculated using a constant outside temperature of 35℃ (95℉).

On the other hand, SEER takes into account a range of outside temperatures, typically spanning from 18℃ (65℉) to 40℃ (104℉). Both SEER and EER are energy efficiency indicators, allowing consumers to assess and compare the efficiency of air conditioning units under different temperature conditions.

How Can You Determine Air Conditioners Efficiency

Investing in the most energy-efficient air conditioner that aligns with your budget is recommended. However, it is worth considering that higher SEER models often have a higher price tag.

To determine if the investment is worthwhile, it can be helpful to calculate the annual electricity cost associated with operating the air conditioner. This calculation will assist you in assessing whether the long-term savings justify the initial cost. If you engage the services of an HVAC Energy Management Consultant to evaluate your home, they can perform these calculations on your behalf, providing valuable insights and recommendations.

To begin the process, there are four key factors you need to consider:

1. BTU Output: British Thermal Units (BTUs) are used to quantify the rate of heat transfer necessary to increase the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit or to freeze one short ton of water into ice within 24 hours.
2. Unit Size (in tons): Air conditioners are measured in tons, indicating their capacity to transfer heat and freeze or melt one short ton of water at 0 °C (32 °F) within 24 hours. To put it in perspective, one ton of cooling equals 12,000 BTU (British Thermal Units).
3. Estimated Annual Usage: You must count how many hours per year you typically have the AC unit turned on.
4. Electricity Cost: Determine the cost of electricity per kilowatt-hour in your region.

Annual Cost = (BTU Output / SEER) * (Hours of Usage per Year) * (Electricity Cost per Kilowatt-Hour)

Annual energy cost = Unit size × BTU/h × operational hours per year × $/kWh ÷ SEER ÷ 1000W/kW

In this formula:

• BTU Output refers to the specified BTU output of the air conditioner.
• SEER represents the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio of the air conditioner.
• Hours of Usage per Year denotes the estimated number of hours the AC unit is operational annually.
• Electricity Cost per Kilowatt-Hour signifies the cost of electricity in your region per kilowatt-hour.

By plugging in the relevant values, you can determine the approximate annual cost of running the AC unit based on your specific circumstances.

What is the Best Air Conditioner Size for Your Home in Canada?

Selecting the appropriate size AC unit for your home involves considering various factors. These factors include the size and age of your home, airflow patterns, the number of windows, the quality of insulation, and the amount of sunlight your house receives.

We strongly recommend consulting with an HVAC expert during your shopping process to ensure that all relevant factors are considered. Their expertise will help you make an informed decision and avoid overlooking critical considerations when selecting the proper size air conditioning unit for your home.

However, it is possible to make rough estimates independently to help narrow down the most suitable types of AC units for your specific requirements. These estimates can provide initial guidance in identifying the optimal options before seeking professional advice.

For a rough estimate, a one-ton AC unit typically covers an area of around 750-1000 square feet. Therefore, if you have a 2,000-square-foot home, consider a 2.0-2.5-ton unit. It is uncommon for residential properties to require a unit larger than 5 tons.

Additionally, it is essential to take into account duct sizing. Proper duct sizing is crucial to ensure sufficient airflow that meets the requirements of the air conditioning system.

In some cases, new units may demand increased airflow, and the existing ductwork may not suit the new units. Taking these factors into consideration is crucial to ensure the proper installation and optimal performance of your AC system.

Types of Home Air Conditioners You Can Buy

The ideal type of air conditioner for your home will depend on your specific cooling requirements and budget. The following section will discuss the five common types of air conditioners found in Canada.

Central Air Conditioners

In Canada, central air conditioners are widely favored and an excellent option for medium to large-family homes and homes with multiple stories. The average cost for a central air conditioner, including installation, ranges from $3,995 to $6,000. These units balance cost, efficiency, and durability, making them popular among homeowners.

1. Single-stage units function in an on-and-off mode, making them the least efficient option. These units are commonly found in entry-level models.
2. Dual-stage units operate at a lower rate during cooler weather and switch to a higher rate during hotter weather. This feature enhances both efficiency and comfort levels. Dual-stage units are typically found in mid-range models.
3. Variable speed units feature the most efficient scroll compressor technology, providing consumers with superior energy efficiency compared to the other two types.

Central AC Installations

Installing a central air conditioner is complex and not a DIY project due to regulations governing refrigerant sales and handling and the necessary furnace modifications. It is crucial to have a licensed technician installed to ensure safety.

A typical installation generally takes a day to complete, and it’s important to note that winter conditions may prevent the process from being finished.

Major air conditioner brands offer a range of models, from entry-level to more advanced options. The developed models have higher efficiency ratings and additional features such as smart thermostat integration and temperature sensors.

Instead of becoming overly fixated on researching specific air conditioner brands, we advise you to prioritize two critical aspects: proper sizing and high-quality installation.

By ensuring that your AC unit is appropriately sized for your space and that the installation is done with the utmost quality, you can enjoy optimized operation and efficiency for many years.

When reaching out to an HVAC company to discuss the purchase of a new air conditioner, it is reasonable to anticipate that they will send a knowledgeable professional to your home for a consultation. This consultation allows them to assess your needs and requirements before providing a price quote or initiating the installation process.

During the consultation, Air Pac HVAC will gather the necessary information to provide you with a tailored solution. They will typically inquire about or examine the following:

• Your specific cooling needs and preferences
• The size and layout of your home or space
• The number of occupants and their comfort requirements
• The condition of existing ductwork, if applicable
• The level of insulation in your home
• The orientation of your space toward sunlight exposure
• Are any specific concerns or issues you have with your current cooling system
• Age of your home
• Level of insulation in your walls and ceilings
• Number of windows and doors in your home
• Any concerns regarding your current AC unit or the presence of hot areas in your house?

Following that, the team from Air Pac HVAC will proceed to calculate the square footage of the crucial rooms, ascertain the appropriate AC unit size, and determine the necessary BTU usage. Based on these calculations, they will provide you with tailored recommendations for the equipment that best suits your needs.

Regardless of which service provider you choose for installing your central air conditioner, we highly recommend prioritizing your safety by selecting companies that have liability insurance and hold licenses with the following:

• Workplace Safety
• Insurance Board (WSIB)
• Electrical Safety Authority (ESA)
• Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA).

This ensures that the installation complies with safety regulations and mitigates potential risks.

Advantages of Central AC Systems

• It provides cooling for your entire house.
• Compatible with your home’s thermostat, including smart thermostats.
• Air is filtered through the furnace filter for improved air quality.
• Requires low maintenance.
• User-friendly and easy to operate.
• The average lifespan of 15 years.
• Financing or rental options are available.
• Operates quietly within your home.
• Enercare’s Smarter Home system monitors the HVAC unit, detecting potential issues.

Cons of Central Air Conditioning Systems

• Replacing the unit can be costly, but convenient financing and rental options are accessible.
• Requires outdoor space for installation.
• It generates some noise when operating outdoors.
• Requires regular replacement of the furnace filter.

How do Central Air Conditioners Work?

Split systems, or central air conditioning systems, consist of two primary components. The outdoor unit comprises a condenser coil, compressor, fan, and electrical components.

The indoor section is on top of the furnace or air handler, called the evaporator or “A” coil.

The central air conditioning system activates when the attached thermostat detects the temperature has risen beyond a set level.

The refrigerant inside the evaporator coil transforms from liquid to gas. As the warm and humid indoor air passes over the coil, it absorbs heat and removes humidity, resulting in cooled air.

Subsequently, the furnace’s blower fan distributes the cooled air throughout the ductwork, reaching different living areas.

The furnace filter filters the air, so regular filter changes are essential.

Simultaneously, the refrigerant gas travels through a copper pipe (line set) to the compressor outside the house. The compressor pressurizes the gas and moves it through the condenser coil.

As the condenser fan draws cool air over the coil, the refrigerant changes into a liquid state, completing the refrigeration cycle.

The moisture extracted from the air becomes condensation, which is drained from the evaporator coil through the condensate drain line. The heated air in the home is expelled outside, while the cooled air returns to the system to be dehumidified and cooled again.

Ductless Air Conditioners

Ductless air conditioners are ideal for homes lacking furnace ductwork or experiencing persistent hot spots that an existing HVAC system cannot resolve.

They are trendy among homeowners who have added home renovations, such as in-law suites, as they provide effective cooling without requiring extensive ductwork installation.

In Canada, a ductless split system with a heat pump is worth considering, as it enables you to heat and cool your home throughout the year. This versatile solution provides year-round comfort and temperature control in changing weather conditions.

After installation, the price range for a high-quality ductless air conditioner typically falls between $3,000 and $6,000.

Ductless AC Installation

Installing a ductless split unit requires a licensed professional’s expertise due to refrigerants and electrical connections to the home’s electrical panel.

Depending on the number of indoor units needed and the complexity of the installation, the process typically takes 1-2 days. It’s important to note that testing of the unit is required, which means a ductless system cannot be fully installed during the winter season.

Ductless AC units are widely chosen by households, with numerous models available from major HVAC brands. Advanced models offer increased efficiency and additional features, including the convenience of using a remote control to adjust the temperature settings.

Like a central air system, the critical factors in purchasing a reliable split system that ensures optimal performance and durability are selecting the appropriate size and engaging a reputable installer.

We recommend requesting a free in-home consultation before considering a split system, as this will enable you to address your home’s specific cooling requirements and make an informed decision. This personalized approach ensures that your unique cooling needs are adequately met.

Advantages of Ductless Air Conditioners

• No ducts or venting are necessary for installation.
• Effectively addresses hot room issues.
• Enables zoned cooling by installing multiple heads on a single outdoor unit.

Cons of Ductless AC

• While comparatively more expensive than specific AC options, convenient financing and rental choices are accessible.
• Indoor units occupy wall space for installation.
• Provides cooling exclusively to the room where the indoor unit is installed.
• Requires some outdoor space for installation.
• It generates some noise when operating outdoors.

How Ductless Air Conditioning Systems Work?

A split ductless system, similar to central systems, consists of two primary components: an outdoor unit housing the compressor, condenser coil, and fan, and an indoor unit housing the evaporator coil and blower fan. These units are connected by a copper conduit that contains the power cable, refrigerant tubing, suction tubing, and a condensate drain.

Ductless split systems are available as single or multi-zone configurations, allowing them to cool single or multiple rooms.

Depending on the size of your home and the number of rooms requiring cooling, you may have multiple indoor units. Additionally, various options for indoor units are available to suit your preferences, including wall units, floor consoles, and ceiling cassettes.

Window-Mounted AC Units

Window-mounted air conditioners are designed to provide cooling for smaller spaces, such as individual rooms or small one-story buildings. They are particularly well-suited for studio apartments, workshops, and in-law suites.

Typically, window units have a BTU range of 5,000 to 25,000. To determine the appropriate size for your room, you must measure the square footage and consult the manufacturer’s recommendations.

In Canada, the cost of a window air conditioner ranges from $200 to $1,000, depending on the size and specific features of the unit.

Window-Mounted AC Installation

Window-mounted air conditioners can be installed in double-hung windows or, in some instances, casement windows. However, it is crucial to consider egress and fire-safety regulations when deciding on the placement of the unit, particularly if the room has only one window.

We recommend carefully following the manufacturer’s installation instructions when installing a window unit. Additionally, we advise having at least one other person assist you during the installation process, as these units can be bulky and weigh up to 54 kg (120 pounds). Having an extra set of hands ensures safe and efficient installation.

Here are a few additional pointers to bear in mind regarding window AC units. These suggestions are also applicable to wall-mounted AC units.

• Consider increasing the BTU levels if your ceilings exceed 2.4 meters (8 feet).
• Raising the BTU output by 10 percent may be necessary for sunlit rooms.
• On the other hand, shaded rooms can decrease the BTU output by 10 percent.
• If your room tends to accommodate more than two individuals, add 600 BTU per extra person to the BTU output.

Advantages of Window Air Conditioning Systems

• Suitable for small spaces.
• It can be installed without professional assistance by following instructions carefully.
• Cost-effective in terms of cooling efficiency.
• Available models offer both heating and cooling functions.
• Does not require air ducts.

Cons of Window AC Units

• Requires a window for installation.
• It needs to be removed during the winter months.
• It may produce water drips.
• Installation can be awkward and challenging.
• Cools a single room only.
• It can be noisy during operation.

Wall-Mounted Air Conditioners

Wall-mounted air conditioners offer similar functionality to window air conditioners, but they are installed directly into a wall and do not require removal during winter. These units are particularly suitable for studio apartments, small offices, workshops, or one-bedroom apartments with open floor plans.

To determine the ideal size for your space, measure the room’s square footage and consult the manufacturer’s guidelines for their recommended size.

On average, the cost of a wall-mounted air conditioner ranges from $450 to $700, depending on the size and specific features of the unit.

Installing a Wall-Mounted AC System

It is highly advisable to ask for HVAC services, plumbing, or construction professional when installing wall-mounted air conditioners. This process involves cutting a hole through the wall, necessitating careful consideration of studs, pipes, and wiring. Ensuring structural integrity is crucial to prevent wall collapse during or after installation. Additionally, selecting an appropriate location facilitates optimal air conditioning performance and efficiency.

Advantages of Wall-Mounted Air Conditioning Systems

• Ideal for compact spaces.
• Cost-effective.
• Offers improved cooling capacity and longevity compared to window AC systems.
• Does not rely on air ducts for operation.

Cons of Wall-Mounted Air Conditioners

• Requires removing a portion of the wall for installation.
• Provides cooling for a single room.
• It can generate noise during operation.

Portable Air Conditioners

If a central air conditioner or ductless system is not suitable for your space and installing a window or wall unit is not feasible, a portable air conditioner could be a viable alternative.

Portable air conditioners, BTU outputs, and feature sets come in different sizes. On average, their cost ranges from $250 to $700.

To determine the appropriate size for your space, measure the room’s square footage and consult the manufacturer’s instructions to find the recommended size for optimal performance.

Installing a Portable AC System

As the name suggests, portable air conditioners are easily movable and require minimal installation. However, venting the warm compressed air outside is essential, usually through a window.

When selecting a location for the unit, ensure it is positioned away from walls to allow unrestricted airflow.

The exhaust hose should also be straight to optimize efficiency without any bends or obstructions.

One important consideration with portable AC units is how condensation is handled. Depending on the model, it may evaporate into the hot air exhaust or accumulate in a bucket inside the unit, requiring regular emptying.

Noise is another factor to keep in mind. Portable ACs typically generate noise levels ranging from 50 to 60 dB, louder than a refrigerator but usually quieter than a vacuum cleaner. If the unit is underpowered for the room size, it may run continuously, while an oversized unit may cycle too frequently without adequately removing humidity.

To ensure a suitable fit for your space and minimize noise, carefully review the manufacturer’s recommendations when purchasing a portable air conditioner.

Advantages of Portable Air Conditioners

· Portable and easy to move.

· Convenient to store during the off-season.

· Some models come with remotes and can be controlled via smartphones.

· Installation involves exhausting air out of a window.

Cons of Air Conditioners

· Generates noise during operation.

· Occupies floor space.

· Typically pricier compared to window and wall units.

· It can be cumbersome to move around.

Basics of Air Conditioners Maintenance and Repair

Experiencing a malfunctioning or inefficient home cooling system during the sweltering summer can be extremely frustrating. However, you can take several essential maintenance and diagnostic steps before contacting a service technician.

It is crucial to emphasize that tinkering with an air conditioner or furnace can be hazardous. Therefore, we strongly advise consulting a licensed HVAC technician for any home maintenance tasks you are uncomfortable with or need clarification on. Your safety is of paramount importance.

Problems With AC Systems

A clear understanding of what is wrong with your air conditioner is a significant step toward resolving the issue. If you observe any of the following problems, your unit likely requires repair or replacement.

Signs of an aging air conditioner:

If your central air conditioner is around 15 years old or more, and you’re experiencing issues such as poor performance or strange noises, it may be time for a replacement.

Frozen coils:

Insufficient airflow or clogged evaporator coils can lead to freezing malfunctioning of your AC unit. The buildup of dirt and debris in air filters and ducts can block warm air from reaching the coils, preventing efficient cooling and resulting in freezing.

Signs of frozen coils include warm air coming from vents despite the AC unit being on, the presence of condensation or ice on the unit or refrigerant line, as well as visible ice formation on the coil inside the air handler.

Avoid manually removing the ice to prevent damaging the unit. Instead, follow these steps: turn off the AC system, replace dirty air filters, allow the ice to thaw naturally, reseal the unit, and then turn on the power. If the problem persists, seek assistance from an HVAC technician, as it could indicate a more serious issue like a refrigerant leak.

Refrigerant leak:

Refrigerant is the chemical substance responsible for cooling the air in your AC unit.

A refrigerant leak can cause a loss of cooling power, warm air blowing from the vents, hissing sounds, frozen coils, and unusually high electric bills.

Given the potential dangers of refrigerant exposure, it is crucial to contact an AC technician if you suspect a leak.

Overworked capacitors and contactors:

If your AC unit is not blowing air, it might be due to issues with the capacitors or contactors. These components help maintain the operation of essential motors in the unit, such as the fan motor and blower motor. They can become overheated and strained, particularly in older AC units, during hot summer months due to the significant electrical load they handle.

Defect thermostat:

Sometimes, the problem lies with a faulty thermostat, which can provide incorrect information to the AC unit, causing it to run when unnecessary or fail to start when needed.